Phrasal Verb ( I )

Phrasal Verb	Definition	Example
iron * out	eliminate	We need to have a meeting this week in order to iron out the distribution problems.

Phrasal Verb ( H )

Phrasal Verb	Definition	Example
hand * back +	return	Is the teacher going to hand back our tests today?
hand * down +	pronounce formally	The president is going to hand his decision down on health care tonight.
hand * down +	give as an inheritance	When my clothes got too small for me as a child, I handed them down to my sister.
hand * in +	submit	I have to hand in an offer by March 12.
hand * out +	distribute	We should hand the concert fliers out at school.
hand * over +	relinquish control of	Hand your car keys over. You're too drunk to drive.
hang around +	stay in a place for fun ( inf.)	Maria and Salvador usually hang around the beach after school.
hang around	stay in a place for fun	Those guys just hang around all day.
hang * up +	suspend (clothes on a hanger)	You can hang your jacket up in the front closet.
hang up	put down the telephone receiver	Don't hang up. I'm going to change phones.
hang out +	stay in a place for fun (inf.)	Let's go hang out at the mall tonight.
hang out	stay in a place for fun	What are you doing? - - I'm just hanging out.
have * on +	wear	Do you have your hiking boots on?
have * over	invite guests to your home	Why don't we have Mr. and Mrs. Jones over for dinner tonight.
hear from +	receive news from (a letter, an e-mail)	Have you heard from Steve lately?
hear of +	know about something or somebody	Have you heard of chocolate covered ants?
hit on +	find on accident	I hit on the idea while watching the Simpsons show.
hit on +	flirt with	Jay's friend Marc was trying to hit on my sister last night.
hold * back +	restrain	The police held the demonstrators back while the politicians entered the building.
hold back	not allow to advance in school	The teacher held Frank back a year, so he couldn't enter fifth grade.
hold * off +	restrain	Mr. Johnson held the dog off while we crossed the yard.
hold off on +	delay	We should hold off on making dinner until your parents arrive.
hold on	grasp tightly	Hold on tight! The roller coaster is about to take off.
hold on	tell someone to wait on the telephone	Hold on a minute. I'll get Carol.
hold on to +	grasp tightly	Make sure you hold on to the hand rail as you walk down the stairs.
hold out	not give in, continue to resist	Stop holding out and tell us where you found all of these old records.
hold out against +	not give in, resist	They held out against enemy attack.
hold * up +	delay (a flight, traffic);	The accident held traffic up for an hour.
hold * up +	rob (a bank, a person) with a weapon	Five men held the bank up yesterday.
hook * up +	make the electrical connections required for a machine or information service	Can you hook up the fax machine for me?

Phrasal Verb ( G )

Phrasal Verb	Definition	Example
get * across +	cause to be understood	It's difficult to get humor across in another language.
get ahead	make progress	I can't get ahead even though I work two jobs.
get ahead of +	surpass	You need to work overtime in order to get ahead of schedule.
get along	have a good relationship	Do you and your sister get along?
get along with +	have a good relationship	Giovanna doesn't get along with her two brothers.
get around +	avoid someone or something	Some people get around paying taxes by hiring a good accountant.
get around	go many places	It's easy to get around town with public transportation.
get away	escape	The bank robbers got away.
get away with +	do something against the rules or illegal and not get caught or punished	My sister gets away with everything!
get by	survive without having the things you need or want	I lost my job, so I am having a hard time getting by this year.
get by on +	survive with minimal resources	It's nearly impossible to get by on making minimum wage.
get by with +	manage with	You don't need a computer. You can get by with the typewriter.
get down to +	get serious about a topic	Enough small talk. Let's get down to business.
get in +	enter ( a car, a small boat)	Get in the front seat. You will have more leg room.
get in	enter	Get in. I will give you a ride to school
get * off +	send (a package)	I finally got my sister's birthday present off yesterday.
get * off	remove ( a spider from your shirt)	Can you get this spider off my shirt?
get off +	leave (a bus, plane, train, boat)	We need to get off the bus at the next stop.
get off	leave	It's dangerous to sit on the roof. Get off!
get off	idiomatic phrase - How does he justify saying that?!	Where does he get off saying that?!
get * on	put on (clothes)	You should get your jacket on because it's going to be cold.
get on	enter (a bus, train), mount (a horse, a bike)	The train is leaving. Quick, get on!
get on +	enter (a bus, train), mount ( a horse, a bike)	Get on my bike and I will give you a ride home.
get on	have a good relationship	Natasha doesn't get on with her co-workers.
get on with +	have a good relationship	Do you get on with your neighbors?
get on with +	continue an activity	Now that the police have left, let's get on with the party!
get out of +	exit (a small boat, car, an enclosed area)	I fell into the water when I tried to get out of the canoe.
get over +	recover (a cold, a disease, an ex-boyfriend/ex-girlfriend)	Jennifer still hasn't gotten over her breakup with Peter.
get through +	complete	We will never get through all of these boxes by 9:00 PM.
get through +	penetrate	We need a stronger drill to get through this wall.
get through	penetrate	The door was jammed, so we couldn't get through.
get through (with) +	finish	Have you gotten through with your homework yet?
get through to +	make contact	It's hard to get through to Janet because her telephone line is always busy.
get * up	cause someone to rise (from a sitting position or a lying position)	Ahmed got Abdul up at 5:30 in the morning by turning the music up really loud.
get up	rise (from sitting position or a bed)	What time did you get up this morning?
give * away +	give something without asking for anything in exchange	Why did Nancy give all of her furniture away?
give * away +	betray (a secret)	We are having a surprise party for Susan next Saturday, so don't give our surprise away by acting suspicious.
give * back +	return something you borrowed	When are you going to give that book back to your teacher?
give in	stop trying	Never give in! You can do it!
give off +	release (a smell, light)	That white flower gives off a beautiful smell.
give * out +	distribute	I earn extra money by giving out brochures on the street.
give out	become very tired (inf.)	I hope this car doesn't give out in the middle of the desert.
give * up +	surrender something	The police told the thief to give his gun up.
give up	surrender	Never give up learning English!
go away	leave	I yelled at the dogs to make them go away.
go back	return	When are you going back to your house?
go by +	go past, go close to, visit quickly	We go by the coffee shop everyday.
go back on +	not keep (one's word, a promise)	Don't trust him. He always goes back on his promises.
go down	decrease	The cost of flight tickets is going down.
go for +	try to achieve	Our team is going for the gold medal in the Olympics.
go for	idiomatic phrase - I am craving pepperoni pizza.	I could go for pepperoni pizza.
go in for +	participate ( inf.)	Are you going to go in for soccer this year at school?
go into +	discuss in detail	I really don't want to go into that now.
go off	explode	The bomb could go off at any moment.
go off	begin, start (used with signals, alarms, warning sounds)	The alarm clock went off at 6:00 AM.
go off	stop (said of a machine)	The DVD player goes off automatically if you are not using it.
go off	become angry	Maria went off last night after I told her about losing her bike.
go on	continue	Please, go on. Don't let me interrupt you.
go on	happen	This place is a mess! What went on here last night?
go on with +	continue ( a plan, a conversation)	I think we should go on with the meeting and stop wasting time.
go out	stop burning ( a fire)	The fire went out after three days.
go out	take part in social activities (usually at night)	They love to go out every Saturday night.
go over +	review	Do you usually go over your notes before class?
go over	be well received, succeed	That didn't go over well.
go through +	examine in detail, study carefully	I need to have my lawyer go through this contract before I sign it.
go through +	endure; experience challenges, difficulties or traumas	She has gone through so much in her life.
go through with +	continue or proceed despite difficulties or fears	I have decided to go through with the operation.
go with +	match (clothing)	That shirt doesn't go with those pants.
go with +	accompany a person	I am going with Alejandro to the party.
go with +	have a boyfriend/girlfriend	I am going with Yuri.
go without +	abstain from something you want or need	A person can go without water for three days.
grow under	go out of business	The restaurant went under after it lost its liquor license.
grow up	mature	Your brother needs to grow up and start thinking about his future.

Phrasal Verb ( F )

Phrasal Verb	Definition	Example
face up to +	acknowledge something difficult or embarrassing	I'll never be able to face up to my colleagues after getting so drunk last night at the work party.
fall back on +	be able to use in case of emergency	Yuki can fall back on her degree in biology if she doesn't succeed in her acting career.
fall behind	go slower than scheduled, lag	Hurry up or you will fall behind!
fall behind in +	go slower than scheduled, lag	Cheryl has missed several days of school and now she is falling behind in her homework.
fall off	decrease	Interest in the project fell off when they realized it wouldn't be profitable.
fall out with +	have an argument with	I had a falling out with my sister last month and we haven't talked to each other since.
fall through	fail to happen	Unfortunately, my trip to Indonesia fell through because I couldn't save enough money.
feel * up +	grope	She sued her boss for sexual harassment after he felt her up.
feel up to +	have the energy to do something	I don't feel up to going out tonight because I had a long day at work.
figure on +	expect	Where do you figure on living when you move to the the U.S.A.?
figure * out +	solve something, understand	I finally figured the joke out. Now I understand why everybody was laughing.
figure * up +	calculate	I need to figure my expenses up before I give you an estimate.
fill * in +	complete	Don't forget to fill in all the blanks on the application.
fill in	substitute	Who is going to fill in while you're gone?
fill in for +	substitute for	Miguel filled in for me at the meeting yesterday because I was sick.
fill * out +	complete (an application)	I filled out an application to rent the apartment last week.
fill out	mature, get breasts	Now that you're filling out honey, we need to get you a bra.
fill * up +	fill to the top	Fill the car up with unleaded gas, please.
find out +	discover	You will never find out all my secrets!
find out	discover	Vicky's parents are going to be so mad when they find out she got a tattoo.
fix * up +	repair, renovate, remodel	My neighbors are fixing their house up.

Phrasal Verb ( E )

Phrasal Verb	Definition	Example
eat away	gradually destroy, erode	The heavy rains ate away at the sandstone cliffs.
eat * up +	devour	Ken ate the cookies up.
eat in	eat inside the home	We usually eat in instead of going out for dinner.
eat out	eat outside the home	They eat out once a week.

Phrasal Verb ( D )

Phrasal Verb	Definition	Example
die away	diminish in intensity	The applause died away after 5 minutes.
die down	diminish in intensity	The controversy about the president's affair finally died down.
die off/out	become extinct	Whales are in danger of dying off.
disagree with +	cause to feel sick due to food or drink	Spicy food disagrees with me.
do away with +	abolish	Some Americans want to do away with the death penalty.
do * over +	repeat	You made many mistakes, so I want you to do the report over.
do without +	manage without something one wants or needs	I couldn't do without a car in California.
draw * up +	create ( a contract)	Let's draw an agreement up before we go any further with this project.
dress * down	reprimand severely	The mother dressed her son down for skipping school.
dress down	dress casually	I am dressing down because we're going to a barbecue by the beach.
dress * up +	decorate	You could dress this house up with some bright colors
dress up	wear elegant clothes	She always dresses up at work.
drive * back +	repulse	The invaders were driven back by the army.
drop in	visit someone unexpectedly	Meg dropped in yesterday after dinner.
drop in on +	visit someone unexpectedly	Let's drop in on Julie since we're driving by her house.
drop out	quit an organized activity	Yuri isn't on the team any more. He dropped out.
drop out of +	quit an organized activity (school)	It's difficult to get a good job if you drop out of high school.
drop over	visit someone casually	Drop over any time you feel like talking.

Trạng từ (phó từ) - Adverbs

1. Định nghĩa: Trạng từ dùng để tính chất/phụ nghĩa cho một từ loại khác trừ danh từ và đại danh từ.

2. Phân loại trạng từ. Trạng từ có thể được phân loại theo ý nghĩa hoặc theo vị trí của chúng trong câu. Tuỳ theo ý nghĩa chúng diễn tả, trạng từ có thể được phân loại thành:

2.1. Trạng từ chỉ cách thức (manner): Diễn tả cách thức một hành động được thực hiện ra sao? (một cách nhanh chóng, chậm chạp, hay lười biếng ...) Chúng có thể để trả lời các câu hỏi với How?

Ví dụ: He runs fast

She dances badly

I can sing very well

Chú ý: Vị trí của trạng từ chỉ cách thức thường đứng sau động từ hoặc đứng sau tân ngữ (nếu như có tân ngữ).

Ví dụ: She speaks well English. [không đúng]

She speaks English well. [đúng]

I can play well the guitar. [không đúng]

I can play the guitar well. [đúng]

2.2. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian (Time): Diễn tả thời gian hành động được thực hiện (sáng nay, hôm nay, hôm qua, tuần trước ...). Chúng có thể được dùng để trả lời với câu hỏi WHEN? When do you want to do it? (Khi nào?)

Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian thường được đặt ở cuối câu (vị trí thông thường) hoặc vị trí đầu câu (vị trí nhấn mạnh)

I want to do the exercise now!

She came yesterday.

Last Monday, we took the final exams.

2.3. Trạng từ chỉ tần suất (Frequency):

Tính từ - Adjectives

1. Định nghĩa: Tính từ là từ dùng đẻ phẩm định cho danh từ bằng cách miêu tả các dặc tính của sự vật mà danh từ đó đại diện

2. Phân loại tính từ: Tính từ có thể được phân loại theo vị trí hoặc chức năng:

2.1 Tính từ phân loại theo vị trí:

a. Tính từ đứng trước danh từ

a good pupil (một học sinh giỏi)

a strong man (một cậu bé khỏe mạnh)

Hầu hết tính từ trong tiếng Anh khi được dùng để tính chất cho danh từ đều đứng trước danh từ, ngược lại trong tiếng Việt tính từ đứng sau danh từ mà nó phẩm định Thông thường, những tính từ đứng trước danh từ cũng có thể đứng một mình, không có danh từ theo sau như nice, good, bad, long, short, hot, happy, beautiful....Tuy nhiên , một số ít tính từ lại chỉ đứng một mình trước danh từ, như former, latter, main ...

b. Tính từ đứng một mình , không cần bất kì danh từ nào đứng sau nó:

Ví dụ:

The boy is afraid.

The woman is asleep.

The girl is well.

She soldier looks ill.

Các tính từ như trên luôn luôn đứng một mình, do đó chúng ta không thể nói:

Phrasal Verb ( C )

Phrasal Verb	Definition	Example
call for +	require (as in a recipe)	This recipe calls for milk, not water.
call * off +	cancel something	They called the picnic off because of the rain.
call * off +	order to stop (an invasion, guard dogs)	He called off the dogs when he saw it was his neighbor.
call on +	visit	Mark called on Naomi while he was in town.
call on +	invite someone to speak in a meeting or a classroom	Professor Tanzer called on Tim to answer the question.
call * up +	telephone	I called Sam up to see if he wanted to go to the movies.
calm * down +	make someone relax	You can calm the baby down by rocking her gently.
care for +	nurse someone or something	He cared for the bird until its wing healed.
care for +	like someone or something	I don't care for sour cream on my potato.
carry on +	continue (a conversation, a game)	Please, carry on. I didn't mean to interrupt you.
carry on about +	continue in an annoying way	He kept carrying on about how much money he makes.
carry on with +	continue	I want you to carry on with the project while I am out of town.
carry * out +	complete and/or accomplish something	The secret agent carried out his orders exactly as planned.
carry * over +	continue on a subsequent day, page, etc.	The meeting carried over into lunch time.
catch on	slowly start to understand (inf.)	He caught on after a few minutes.
catch up	make up for lost time	I will never catch up. I am too behind in my work.
catch up with +	speed up to be at the same place as a person or thing in front of you	I had to run to catch up with the others.
catch up on +	become up-to-date	I need to catch up on world events. I haven't seen the news in ages.
check back	return to see if everything is OK	We will check back tomorrow to make sure the project is finished.
check by +	go to a place to see if everything is OK	We need to check by the office to see if the documents are ready.
check for +	try to find	They checked for termites before they bought the house.
check in	enter a hospital, hotel etc.	They need to check in before noon.
check into +	enter a hospital, hotel etc.	They checked into the hotel at 11:00 AM.
check into +	investigate, look for (often through a service)	We are checking into discount flights to London.
check * off +	make a mark next to (an item on a list)	Check each name off the list.
check on +	make sure something is OK	Let's check on the baby again before we go to sleep.
check * out +	investigate, take a look at	He checked out the new restaurant down the street.
check out	leave a hotel, hospital	It's already eleven. We need to check out.
check out of +	leave a hotel, hospital	We checked out of the hotel before ten.
check * over +	closely examine the condition of something	He checked over the old car to see if it was worth buying.
check up on +	investigate someone or something	The police are checking up on the bomb threats.
check * through	send luggage through (to a destination)	Your luggage will be checked through to Paris.
check with +	ask a person for confirmation	He needs to check with his parents before he goes.
cheer * up	make someone feel cheerful	The party really cheered me up.
cheer up	become cheerful	Cheer up. Everything will be all right.
chew * up +	chew into small pieces	The dog chewed up my shoe.
chop * down +	fell/cut ( a tree)	The lumberjack chopped the tree down.
chop * up +	chop/cut into small bits	He chopped the meat up into little pieces.
clean * up +	tidy	Susan cleaned the mess up before she left.
clear out	leave ( inf.)	Everybody clear out! We're closed.
clear * up +	tidy	Susan cleared up the mess before she left.
close * down +	close a place permanently	The corner market closed down because they didn't have many customers.
close down	close permanently	The bar was closed down because they served alcohol to minors.
close in on +	approach and threaten	The rebels were closing in on the capital, so the government called in the army.
close * up +	close temporarily	They are closing the ski resort up for the summer.
close up	close temporarily	The ski resort is closing up for the summer.
come about	occur / happen	How did you idea for the book come about.
come across +	discover by accident	They came across some lost Mayan ruins in the jungle.
come across +	initially seem or have the appearance	He comes across as rather rude, but he isn't.
come along	accompany someone	If you want, you can come along.
come along with +	accompany	Sam came along with us to the beach.
come along	progress	How's the research paper coming along.
come along with +	progress	How are you coming along with the research paper.
come away	leave a place with a particular feeling or impression	I came away from the meeting feeling like the presentation was a success.
come back	return	What time are you coming back?
come by +	get, receive	How did you come by that new Mercedes?
come by	visit a person at their house	I'll come by later this afternoon.
come down with +	become sick with	He came down with the flu.
come into +	inherit	He came into a large sum of money when his aunt died.
come off +	fall off, break off	The handle came off the suitcase when I picked it up.
come out	appear	I didn't see the car at first. It came out of nowhere.
come out	reveal you are homosexual	Sam finally came out last month.
come out	turn out, end up	The pictures came out great.
come out with +	produce and distribute a product	Microsoft is coming out with a new video game system next month.
come over	visit someone at their house	Why don't you come over after work for dinner.
come to	regain consciousness	Don't worry! She faints all the time. She always comes to after a few minutes.
come through	do what is needed or expected	Terry really came through for us in the end.
come up to +	approach; to equal	The job offer didn't come up to her expectations.
come up with +	produce or create (an idea, a plan)	She came up with a great proposal for the new advertising campaign.
come with +	include (an accessory)	The computer system doesn't come with a printer.
count * in +	include	Did you count expenses in?
count on +	depend/rely on	You can really count on Sarah.
count * out +	exclude	You can count James out. He hates playing poker.
count * up +	add	Count the change up and see how much we have.
crack down on +	become tougher on, better enforce laws on	The police have been cracking down on drunk driving.
crack up	laugh uncontrollably, laugh a lot	When I told the joke, they all cracked up.
crack up at +	laugh uncontrollably about, laugh a lot about	I cracked up at his joke.
cross * out +	draw a line through something, eliminate	Why did you cross my name out on the list?
cut down	decrease the amount of	You eat too much fat. You need to cut down.
cut down on +	decrease the amount of	You need to cut down on your fat intake.
cut in	interrupt	She suddenly cut in and delivered the news
cut in on +	interrupt	She cut in on the conversation and delivered the news.
cut * off	interrupt someone while they were speaking	She cut him off before he said something he would regret later.
cut * off +	sever ( with a knife)	His finger was accidentally cut off in an industrial accident.
cut * out +	remove	He cut the bone out of the steak.
cut * out	stop an action	Cut it out! You're bothering me.
cut * up +	cut into small pieces	He cut the beef up and put the pieces in the soup.

Phrasal Verb ( B )

Phrasal Verb ( B )

Phrasal Verb	Definition	Example
back down	stop defending your opinion in a debate	Jane never backs down. She always wins arguments.
back out	not keep (a promise, agreement,deal)	Sam backed out at the last second.
back out of +	not keep (a promise, agreement, deal)	Sam backed out of the agreement at the last second.
back * up +	give support	You need examples to back up your opinion.
back up	move backwards, reverse	Could you back up a little so I can open this drawer.
bawl * out	criticize, reprimand (inf.)	She bawled him out for arriving late.
bear down on +	bite	The soldier had to bear down on the leather strap while the doctor removed a bullet from the soldier's arm.
bear down on +	take strong measures against	The U.S.A. is bearing down on drug traffickers.
bear on +	have to do with	This information may bear on this case.
bear up	withstand	I didn't think he would bear up so well in that situation.
bear up under +	withstand	How did he bear up under such extreme pressure.
bear with +	be patient	Please bear with me while I fill out the paperwork.
blow in	visit unexpectedly (inf.)	My cousin blew in unexpectedly with his entire family.
blow over	pass without creating a problem	All this negative publicity will blow over in a couple of weeks.
blow * up +	make explode;destroy using explosives	The terrorists blew the bridge up.
blow up	explode	The bomb blew up before they could defuse it.
blow up	suddenly become very angry	When Joan heard the news, she blew up and rushed out of the room.
break * down +	analyze in detail	We need to break this problem down in order to solve.
break down	stop working properly	The truck broke down in the desert.
break down	become mentally ill	She broke down after her husband died.
break * in +	wear or use something new until it is comfortable	I need to break these shoes in before I go hiking.
break in	interrupt	While we were discussing the situation, Terri broke in to give her opinion.
break in	enter a place unlawfully	The burglar broke in between midnight and 3 AM.
break in on +	interrupt (a conversation)	Jane broke in on the conversation and told us to get back to work.
break into +	enter a house unlawfully	The burglar broke into the house between midnight and 3 AM.
break into +	interrupt (a conversation)	Jane broke into the conversation and told us what she knew.
break * off +	end something	Sally broke her engagement to John off.
break out	appear violently	Violent protests broke out in response to the military coup.
break out +	use something extravagant for celebration	He broke out the champagne to celebrate his promotion.
break out of +	escape	The murderer broke out of the prison.
break * up +	break into pieces	I broke the cracker up into pieces and put it in the soup.
break * up +	disperse (a crowd), stop (a fight)	The police broke the demonstration up before it got out of control.
break up	end a relationship	Sam and Diane broke up again. What a rocky relationship.
bring * about +	cause to happen	Democracy brought about great change in the lives of the people.
bring * along +	bring with	When we go to the forest, bring your wildlife guide along.
bring * around	change someone's mind, convince someone	She doesn't want to go, but we'll eventually bring her around.
bring * away	learn or gain (from an experience)	My trip across the Sahara was difficult, but I brought a new appreciation for life away from the experience.
bring * off +	succeed at something difficult or unexpected	You robbed the bank! I can't believe you brought that off.
bring * on +	cause something	I can't believe she got so angry. What brought that on?
bring * out +	highlight, stress	Your new shirt brings out the color of your eyes.
bring * over +	bring to someone's house	When you visit me, why don't you bring over your son.
bring * to	revive consciousness	We used smelling salts to bring her to after she fainted.
bring * up +	mention	I didn't want to bring up the fact that she was unemployed.
bring * up +	raise ( a child)	Sam was brought up in South Carolina.
brush * off +	ignore something or someone (inf.)	Mary brushed her ex-boyfriend off at the party.
burn * down +	destroy by setting fire to	The children burned the house down while playing with matches.
burn down	burn until completely gone (building)	Two buildings burnt down in the fire.
burn up	be hot	I am burning up in here - open the window.
burn up	consume by fire	The papers were burned up in the fire.
burn * up +	destroy by fire	He burnt up the files.
buy * out +	buy the shares of a company or the shares the other person owns of a business	Pacific Inc. was bought out by a company from Oregon.
buy * up +	purchase the entire supply of something	We bought up all the beer in the store.

Đão ngữ - Inversions

Thông thường, một câu kể (câu trần thuật) bao giờ cũng bắt đầu bằng chủ ngữ và tiếp theo sau là một động từ. Tuy nhiên, trật tự của câu như trên có thể bị thay đổi khi người nói muốn nhấn mạnh. Lúc đó xuất hiện hiện tượng "Đảo ngữ"

Đảo ngữ được thể hiện ở các dạng sau:

1. Not until + phrase/clause...

Ex.: Not until 10 p.m. yesterday did he come home.

Not until I left home did I realize what he had meant.

2. Neither, nor và được dùng để diễn tả người hay sự vật này tương tự như người, vật hay sự vật khác (kia):

Ex: a/ Tom is ill today.

So is Tom..

b/ I can’t understand Spainish.

Nor can I.

3. Seldom, rarely và never được nhấn mạnh với nhấn mạnh với mục đích so sánh:

Ex.: Seldom had I seen such a terrible thing

4. Only, not only, not until được nhấn mạnh và đặt ở đầu câu

Ex.: Only learning hard can you pass the exam.

5. Hardly…. When, scarcely……when và no sooner…… than được dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ran ngay sau một hành động khác.

Phrasal Verb ( A )

Phrasal Verb	Definition	Example
act up	behave or function improperly	I think I need to take my car to the mechanic because it's acting up again.
add * up +	calculate a sum	I added up the receipts and it totaled $135.46.
add up to +	equal an amount	The total expenses added up to $325.00.
add up	make sense	Her story doesn't add up. I think she is lying.
ask * out +	invite on a date	I can't believe that Joe finally asked me out on a date!
ask * over +	invite to one's home	Why don't we ask the Johnsons over for dinner?

Thán từ - Interjections

1. Định nghĩa : Thán từ là một âm thanh phát ra hay tiếng kêu xen vào một câu để biểu lộ một cảm xúc động hay một biểu lộ mạnh mẽ nào đó và được thể hiện trong văn viết bằng dấu cảm thán hoặc dấu hỏi.

2. Một số thánh từ thường gặp:

Chỉ sự phấn khởi : hurrah, cheer up

Chỉ sự khing bỉ : bah, pshaw, pood, tut, for shame

Chỉ sự nghi ngờ : hum.

Gọi ai đó; hỏi han : hello, hey, well

Chỉ sự bực mình : hang, confound

Chỉ sự sung sướng : o, oh, aha, why, ah,

Chỉ sự đau đớn : ouch, alas

Ví dụ:

Nonsense! The snow will not hurt you.

Well, you may be right.

Một số thán từ hoặc cụm từ thông thường nhưng lại được sử dụng như thán từ vì chúng được phát ra kèm theo cảm xúc như:

Liên từ - Conjunctions

1. Định nghĩa: Liên từ là từ dùng để nối các từ loại, cụm từ hay mệnh đề.

2. Phân loại: Liên từ được chia làm hai loại chính:

a. Đẳng lập (song song):

Dùng loại liên từ này để nối những các từ loại hoặc cụm từ/ nhóm từ cùng một loại, hoặc những mệnh đề ngang hàng nhau (tính từ với tính từ, danh từ với danh từ ...):

Ví dụ:

He and I are students.

She is beautiful and kind.

They are learning to read and write.

b. Liên từ phụ thuộc:

Loại liên từ phụ thuộc nối kết các nhóm từ, cụm từ hoặc mệnh đề có chức năng khác nhau - mệnh đề phụ với mệnh đề chính trong câu.

3. Những liên từ Đẳng lập (song song):

Giống của từ - Gender

1. Định nghĩa: Là hình thức biến thể của danh từ để chỉ "tính"- hay phân biệt giống.

2. Phân loại: Giống được chia thành:

1- MASCULINE GENDER (Giống đực)

Một danh từ chỉ tên một sinh vật giống đực thì thuộc về Giống đực

Boy, man , father, son, cock, ox ...

2- FEMINE GENDER (Giống cái)

Một danh từ chỉ tên một sinh vật giống c ái thì thuộc về Giống cái

Girl, lady, woman , sister,nun, mother...

3- COMMON GENDER (Song thuộc)

Một danh từ chỉ tên một sinh vật có thể hoặc giống đực hoặc giống cái thì thuộc về Giống chung.

Police, person, friend, child, pupil, neighbour...

4- NEUTER GENDER (Trung tính)

Một danh từ chỉ tên một vật vô tri vô giác thì thuộc về Vô thuộc hay Trung tính.

Computer, table, pencil, fan ...

3. Dương thuộc được phân biệt với âm thuộc bằng mấy cách sau:

Tỉnh lược - Astractions

Trong các hội thoại thường ngày, các trợ động từ thường được tỉnh lược. Nhưng trong văn viết, việc dung tỉnh lược nên được hạn chế.

Dưới đây là các thể tĩh lược chính trong tiếng Anh.

1. Pronoun + Auxiliary or Defective/Modal Verbs (Đại danh từ + trợ động từ)

I've	= I have
We've	= we have
You've	= you have
I'd	= I had , I would
He'd	= he had, he would
I'm	= I am
He's	= he is , he has
We're	= we are
You're	= you are
It's	= it is
'twas	= it was
That's	= that is
There's	= there is
I'll	= I will, shall
'twill	= it will
Let's	= let us

2. Auxiliary or Defective + Negative (Trợ động từ + Not)

To be :

Isn't	= is not
Wasn't	= was not
Weren't	= were not

To have :

Haven't	= have not
Hasn't	= has not

To do :

Don't	= do not
Doesn't	= does not
Didn't	= did not

Can:

Can't	= can not
Couldn't	= could not

Will:

Won't	= will not
Wouldn't	= would not

Shall :

Shan't	= shan not
Shouldn't	= should not

Must:

Mustn't

= must not

2. Cách dịch câu "PHẢI KHÔNG"/ Câu hỏi đuôi (Tag Questions)